How to Write a Business Memo

The most effective method to Write a Business Memo The most effective method to Write a Business Memo A notice (or notice) is a short report intended for interior correspondence. In the event that you have to illuminate your representatives or associates of something, for example, you may need to compose a business update. In any case, how accomplishes this work? In this post, we take a gander at the nuts and bolts. Header Information A business reminder ought to recognize itself, so utilize the heading â€Å"MEMORANDUM† at the top. From that point onward, you have to incorporate four things: The date you are sending the notice The memo’s recipient(s) Yourself (i.e., the sender) The subject of the notice So in the event that we needed to contact our editors, our update may start: The beneficiaries will at that point have the option to see whether it concerns them. Section One: Your Main Point Start your notice by obviously clarifying why you are sending it. It is imperative to arrive at the point rapidly here, so center around the most significant subtleties and spare inside and out data for some other time. Section Two: Supporting Evidence The second †and presumably longest †some portion of your notice will be an increasingly nitty gritty clarification of the subject of the notice. This may include: Significant foundation data for setting A clarification of the issue, perhaps including a model Any supporting proof required to come to your meaningful conclusion In a perfect world, this ought to be close to a passage or two. In the event that you discover you have a great deal of data to impart, you may need to compose a full business report. Be that as it may, you can utilize an update to cause to notice a more extended archive (e.g., by appending a document or including a URL). Section Three: Closing Statement End your reminder with a short shutting articulation. On the off chance that appropriate, this ought to incorporate what you need the beneficiaries to do in light of the update (e.g., a game-plan or submitting data). Then again, it can just be a short outline of the key data from the notice. Tips on How to Write a Business Memo When composing a business reminder, make a point to: Utilize a reasonable, succinct composing style that is straightforward. Ensure the tone is suitable to the subject. For example, while an update about a business choice would be formal and expert, a reminder reporting the date of the company’s Christmas celebration ought to presumably utilize an increasingly merry tone. Use designing, for example, visual cues and leans to help skim perusers. Recall that a notice isn't a letter. You don't have to incorporate a welcome toward the beginning or a valediction toward the end (e.g., no requirement for â€Å"Dear So and So† or â€Å"Kind regards†). At long last, we’ve made a model reminder to give you what yours strength resemble. Also, don’t neglect to guarantee your reminder is sans blunder by having it checked by an expert editor.

Close examination of global financial systems Essay

Close assessment of worldwide money related frameworks - Essay Example Not exclusively is the current capacity of German widespread banking overemphasized, it maybe never was as significant as supported, even at its top by the turn of the century. The picture that shows up isn't steady with the case that German general banks applied extensive force on mechanical organizations and offered a lot of subsidizing (Bongini et al, 2009, p. 76). Despite the fact that there were various cases of this, these were the special cases to the general standard, which was for organizations to help themselves within to a great extent. Down to business concentrate on the general estimations of bank-based just as market-put together money related frameworks has centered with respect to â€Å"Germany and Japan as bank-based frameworks and the United States and the United Kingdom as market-based systems† (World Bank, 2012, p. 111). The bank-put together thought underlines with respect to the valuable capacity of banks in actuating assets, ordering great endeavors, adm inistering officials, and managing hazard. The bank-put together methodology also stresses with respect to the general constraints of market-based frameworks. Particularly, exceptionally delicate markets quickly uncover information inside open markets, which reduces the instigations for singular investors to acquire data. Subsequently, better market extension may obstruct instigations for grouping spearheading adventures that energize advancement. Banks, then again, reduce this misfortune as they make proceeding with joins with organizations and don't uncover information promptly inside open. Backers of the bank-based methodology also feature that fluid markets structure a biased financial specialist condition. In fluid markets, financial specialists can monetarily exchange their offers, with the goal that they have more modest number of affectations to apply careful corporate control. As a... Subsequent to raising the fundamental the principle subject of the article, we see that it makes a couple of admirable sentiments to contend about. Though the capacity of money related frameworks is contended, the exhibition of various kinds of monetary frameworks is considerably more incredibly contends. Banks in Germany are fundamentally responsible for the development of the country, having advanced and built up its ventures. To them, more than some other gathering might be credited the magnificent results yet figured it out. The paper goes further into the point by bringing different models. Realistic investigation on the overall estimations of bank-based just as market-put together money related frameworks has centered with respect to â€Å"Germany and Japan as bank-based frameworks and the United States and the United Kingdom as market-based systems† (World Bank, 2012, p. 111). The article says that hypothetically, the monetary administrations idea is totally good with b oth the bank-based just as market-based methodologies. Afterward, we are offered bits of guidance, for example, when attempting to control the plan of a monetary framework, the investigation suggests that administrative bodies ought not eagerly focus on banks and markets freely, but instead consider them to be fundamental parts of a co-creating framework. All in all, we see that when attempting to control the structure of a monetary framework, the investigation suggests that administrative bodies ought not eagerly focus on banks and markets freely, but instead consider them to be fundamental segments of a co-creating framework.

How to Help a Loved One Diagnosed With Social Anxiety Disorder

How to Help a Loved One Diagnosed With Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Supporting a Loved One With Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on February 22, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children LaraBelova / Getty Images If a close friend or family member has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD), there are many challenges that he or she will face. Having a supportive family and network of friends will make treatment and recovery easier. Getting better is a processâ€"it takes hard work on the part of the person diagnosed and patience from family and friends. Tips for Supporting a Loved One With Social Anxiety Disorder Below are a variety of ways to support your friend or family member through this process. Learn About Social Anxiety Disorder SAD is more than just severe shyness. It is a real medical condition that has been linked to abnormalities in brain chemistry and dysfunctional thinking patterns.?? Learning as much as you can about the symptoms of the disorder and what treatments are effective will help you know what to expect from the illness and from recovery. The Best Self-Help Strategies for Social Anxiety Disorder Don’t Enable Your friend or relative may have spent many years with the symptoms of social anxiety disorder before being diagnosed.?? During this time, you may have developed habits to help him or her avoid anxiety-provoking situations. It will take time and practice to unlearn these patterns. For example, if you have developed the habit of speaking on behalf of your sister while in social situations, gradually stop this behavior. If she becomes too anxious and wants to leave a social situation, negotiate with her to stay just a little bit longer. It is a delicate balance between not enabling avoidance and being sensitive to the need for slow progress. Learn when to be patient and when to push. Encourage Treatment If your friend or family member is resistant to receiving treatment, listen to his concerns. If he has questions about specific aspects of treatment, you can ask to speak to a member of the treatment team to ease his worries. Gently encourage him to seek treatment, and encourage him to complete treatment once it has begun. The Best Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder Praise Small Accomplishments Therapy and recovery are gradual processes.?? It is important that you recognize small steps made by your friend or family member and give praise and positive feedback. Voice that you are proud of her for trying, even if she doesnt initially reach a goal that has been set. Applaud progress and encourage the use of skills learned during therapy. Keep to a Routine The period of treatment and recovery can be a stressful time.?? It’s important that your friend or family member knows that you will be consistent and reliable and that there will be routines that can be counted on. If you normally spend a couple of hours at a dinner party, don’t expect your spouse to stay late into the night. During particularly stressful periods, such as holidays, be flexible and modify your expectations. Try to keep family life as stress-free as possible. Ask Them What They Need Don’t assume that you know what your friend or family member needs. If you are in an anxiety-provoking situation, ask how you can best help him or her cope. Together, you can determine how little or how much you will need to be involved in the recovery process. Be Patient Treatment and recovery can be a slow processâ€"it may take months to change patterns that have been learned over many years.?? Be patient and don’t expect too much from your friend or family member all at once. Manage Your Own Emotions If your friend or a family member becomes overly anxious or panicky in certain situations, it is important not to get too emotional yourself. Although it is important to be empathetic, try not to focus too much on the fear. For example, if your friend panics before going to a social gathering, avoid overly empathizing with him about how difficult it will be. Focus on the positive progress that he is making and your confidence in his ability to cope. How to Cope When a Family Member Has SAD Don’t Place Blame Do not regard social anxiety disorder as being someones fault. Feeling guilty or blaming your friend or relative will only make things worse. Accept that the disorder is the result of biological and psychological factors that are out of everyones control. Understanding the Causes of Social Anxiety Disorder Be a Good Listener Sometimes just telling someone about your problems makes them seem more manageable. Allow your friend or family member to explain how she feels. In addition to making you more aware of what she is going through, it will help her feel less isolated. Don’t tell her that she is being ridiculous or that her fears are silly. A person with social anxiety disorder knows that his or her fears are irrational but, nevertheless, is unable to control them. A Word From Verywell Helping someone with an anxiety disorder requires patience and understanding. In the case of social anxiety disorder, it also requires the ability to be close to someone who may sometimes seem to be pushing you away. Learn to separate the symptoms from the person, and you will be much further ahead in your journey toward helping your loved one.

Essay on Humans are Responsible for Global Warming

This essay offers a defense to the position that humans are responsible for global warming. What is Carbon Dioxide? Before attempting to answer any questions based on observations about carbon dioxide, taking a moment to identify the carbon dioxide helps to ensure a clear understanding of the element. According to Princeton University (n.d.), â€Å"carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, is a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances†. This naturally occurring element is exists in the Earth’s atmosphere where it circulates between water, plants, soil and animals. Current Carbon Dioxide Levels Knowledge of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere helps scientists understand how the†¦show more content†¦Three sources that add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere include the use of fossil fuels, deforestation and industry. Burning fossil fuels including coal and oil based products releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere increasing carbon dioxide levels. â€Å"Burning of fossil fuel accounts for fifty-two to sixty five percent of the human-induced emissions† (Hilderman, 2011). It does not stop there. Deforestation has two negative effects on the planet. It releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and removes a natural tool used to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Trees and other plants convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. Removing these from our ecosystem only help to tip the scales of carbon dioxide buildup in the wrong direction. â€Å"Deforestation accounts for twelve to twenty-five percent† (Hilderman, 2011) of the human-induced carbon dioxide emissions. Both the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation directly add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Industry adds carbon dioxide indirectly. While industry does add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere directly primarily through the burning of fossil fuels, other industrial activities indirectly add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. â€Å"The production and consumption of mineral products such as cement, the production of metals such as iron and steel, and the production of chemicals† (EPA, 2013) produce carbon dioxide by way of chemical reactions notShow MoreRelatedHumans Are Responsible For Global Warming877 Words   |  4 Pagessurprising to read on the internet about ice caps melting and strong storms devastating cities. Global warming is a serious issue that should be put in consideration. However, before trying to fix such issue. We should focus on what is causing global warming. Humans are responsible for global warming. Even though, most of the earth’s population deny being responsible for global contamination/global warming. A slight change on temperature can cause a big change on the earth’s weather and environmentRead MoreAre Humans Responsible for Global Warming?2365 Words   |  10 PagesAre Humans Responsible for Global Warming? A REVIEW OF THE FACTS APRIL 2007 AUTHORS James Wang, Ph.D. Bill Chameides, Ph.D. Are Humans Responsible for Global Warming? The case for attributing the recent global warming to human activities rests on the following undisputed scientific facts: †¢ Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that warms the atmosphere. †¢ Since pre-industrial times, atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased from about 280 parts per million (ppm) to over 380 ppm. CurrentRead MoreHumans Are Responsible For Global Warming2056 Words   |  9 PagesDraft Humans are Responsible for Global Warming On November 8th, American citizens will go to the polls and vote for the next president of the United States. During the presidential campaign, both candidates, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, have their own different points of view on environmental issues. Hillary Clinton affirms her commitment to the fight against climate change. She supports the Paris Agreement, which is an agreement among many nations to respond to the threat of global warmingRead MoreHuman Activity Responsible For Global Warming Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironment varies. Everyone adapts to alterations differently, but is human activity responsible for global warming negatively affecting human health? Background: Historical Background †¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ At the beginning of the twentieth century, when global warming was merely a thought to occur among the presence of the greenhouse effect, scientists started to believe it would good for the environment to experience global warming. During the late 1950s, a couple of scientists took further examinationsRead MoreIs Human Activity Primarily Responsible For Global Climate Change And Global Warming?1371 Words   |  6 PagesIs Human Activity Primarily Responsible for Global Climate Change and Global Warming? What is global climate change? Is human activity primarily responsible? According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, global warming â€Å"refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth s surface. It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming is causing climate patterns to change. However, global warming itselfRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Earth1577 Words   |  7 Pagesto be. It is known as global warming. Global warming is constant rise in the global average temperature near the surface of the earth. Although to some, global warming is nothing more than a myth, a rumor to scare the race into rethinking their selfish acts, but global warming is no myth. I believe that global warming is far from a myth, it is real and it is dangerous. The evidence is all around us. If you look to the stars, you can see that the atmosphere is full of human-produced molecules thatRea d MoreThe Debate On Global Climate Change1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate on global climate change argues that human-generated greenhouse gas emissions are too small to substantially change the earth’s climate and that the planet is capable of absorbing those increases. It is contended that warming over the 20th century resulted primarily from natural processes such as fluctuations in the sun s heat and ocean currents. But the theory of human-caused global climate change is based on questionable measurements, faulty climate models, and misleading science. InRead MoreReview of The Great Global Warming Swindle1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Global Warming Swindle has been the most widely watched documentary critical of the scientific consensus that climate change is due to anthropogenic activities. Aired in 2007 in the United Kingdom, the documentary claimed to debunk the â€Å"myth† of manmade global climate change, exposing it as a vast conspiracy design ed to gain funding for research and push an environmental agenda that is especially harmful to the developing world. Directed by British producer Martin Durkin, the documentaryRead MoreCauses Of Environmental Issues1467 Words   |  6 Pagescare. However, the global issues around the world are the most serious and concerning problems. According to Globe scan, 64% out of 25,000 people said environmental issue is the most serious problem. Like other issues, environmental issue is a growing problem around the whole world. Some people know and say that humans have to save the Earth, but how many of them actually keep those rules to save it? For that reason, environmental issue is an ongoing problem, and global warming is the huge and significantRead MoreThe Debate On Global Warming1239 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy concerning global warming. The controversy takes the form of public debate that centers on five issues (Mazo 30). The first issue is whether or not global warming is occ urring. The second issue is whether global warming is real and extent it has occurred in the recent decades. The third question relates to the causes of global warming. The fourth question centers on the effects of global warming. The fifth question is whether any action needs to be taken to contain global warming. The author concurs

Why Laptop Is Still Useless in the Third Worlds School Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Elaborating on commercial uses of laptops, e-commerce has the potential to contribute considerably to the GDP of a country. Official statistics forecasted that e-commerce will contribute to almost 10% of the GDP of Japan between 2004 and 2009. If e-commerce could gain popularity in developing countries, it could set off a domino effect. By buying $170 laptops, people can access the internet easily and can start small businesses online, proliferating employment opportunities. However, it should be noted that third world countries have a very low literacy rate. In a survey conducted by UN in a third world country, Pakistan, 50% of fifth-grade primary school children selected randomly for the survey failed a simple test that assessed their educational basics. The total adult literacy rate in Pakistan is 55%; however, the majority of these people only know how to sign their name. It is hard to expect them to operate a laptop, let alone conduct business online. Malawi is a small country located in South Africa and has a population of 13 million people. Out of such a small population, 14% have HIV/AIDS and the average life expectancy is 37 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Laptop Is Still Useless in the Third Worlds School or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Many of the teachers are secondary school graduates and have little know-how of teaching since most of them do not receive any professional training courses. Where schools lack basic infrastructure like chairs, tables, stationery etc and children wear the same battered old clothes to school every day, how can a laptop create educational opportunities for these children?

Essay about Malcolm X - 2055 Words

Malcolms life is a Horatio Alger story with a twist. His is not a rags to riches tale, but a powerful narrative of self-transformation from petty hustler to internationally known political leader. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Louise and Earl Little, who was a Baptist preacher active in Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association, Malcolm, along with his siblings, experienced dramatic confrontations with racism from childhood. Hooded Klansmen burned their home in Lansing, Michigan; Earl Little was killed under mysterious circumstances; welfare agencies split up the children and eventually committed Louise Little to a state mental institution; and Malcolm was forced to live in a detention home run by†¦show more content†¦On other issues, however, Malcolm showed signs of independence from the NOI line. During the mid-1950s, for example, he privately scoffed at Muhammads interpretation of the genesis of the white race and seemed uncomfortable with the idea that all white people were literally devils. He was always careful to preface his remarks with The honorable Elijah Muhammad teaches. . . . More significantly, Malcolm clearly disagreed with the NOIs policy of not participating in politics. He not only believed that political mobilization was indispensable but occasionally defied the rule by supporting boycotts and other forms of protest. In 1962, before he split with the NOI, Malcolm shared the podium with black, white, and Puerto Rican labor organizers in the left- wing, multiracial hospital workers union in New York. He also began developing an independent Pan-Africanist and, in some respects, Third World political perspective during the 1950s, when anticolonial wars and decolonization (see Decolonization in Africa: An Interpretation) were pressing public issues. As early as 1954 Malcolm gave a speech comparing the situation in Vietnam (see Vietnam War) with that of the Mau Mau Rebellion in colonial Kenya, framing both of these movements as uprisings of the darker races creating a tidal wave against U.S. andShow MoreRelatedMalcolm X2364 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction Malcolm X is seen as quite a controversial person. His admirers see him as a courageous human rights activist who campaigned for the rights of African Americans and showed white America how racist it was. His enemies see him as a racist, anti-Semitic and violent person. Malcolm X was orphaned early in life. At the age of six his father was killed and it has been rumoured that white racists were responsible. Seven years later his mother passed away after which he lived in a seriesRead MoreMalcolm Of The Malcolm X Journey2039 Words   |  9 PagesThe Malcolm X Journey Malcolm Little was born in the mid twentieth century, these were difficult times for the black youth. As Little grew older he knew there needed to be change, he was one of the few people that was capable of making that happen for the fellow African-American and African. At a very young age Malcolm grasped the concept that there s something not right, that there needed to be an alteration and thus is where he started his studies. Malcolm needed to be outspoken he wanted toRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X962 Words   |  4 PagesMalcolm X On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born to Louise and Earl Little. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the seventh of eleven children. Malcolms father, Earl, was a Baptist minister from Reynolds, Georgia. His mother was raised in Grenada in the British West Indies. His father was also became an organizer for Marcus Garveys Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus Garvey and his followers fought for racial separation and more power for blacks. Growing up, MalcolmsRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesautobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including my self have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Malcolm X is misunderstoodRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X791 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standards. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spreads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreWho is Malcolm X?1087 Words   |  5 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of Louise Norton and Earl Little. He lived with 7 brothers and sisters. Malcolm’s father was an outspoken Baptist minister and on various occasions received death threats forcing his family to relocate twice before Malcolm’s fourth birthday. Malcolm’s father Earl Little, was a man of the Baptist preaching community who was a supporter of large civil right movements. Earl had many encounters withRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1699 Words   |  7 Pages The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley was published in 1965. It is national best seller about the life and times of Malcolm X. On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Nebraska. His father was a preacher who spoke out about the unity of black people. This caused several white racists to strike out against Malcolm’s father and his family violently. His family moved to Lansing, Michigan where Malcolm, his parents, brothers, and sisters were shot at, burned out of their home, harassedRead MoreEssay on Malcolm X1346 Words   |  6 Pagesamong all of these leaders though, Malcolm X. Although fighting for the same thing as his colleagues in the civil rights movements, he was considered by many to represent the more extreme side of the battle for equa lity in the United States. It is his standout views and beliefs that make Malcolm X one of the most prominent and fascinating African-American leaders in the 1950s and 60s. Malcolm X was born May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska by the name of Malcolm Little. His childhood was plaguedRead More Malcolm X Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X Malcolm X, a civil rights leader in the 1960s believed that blacks and whites should be segregated. He also believed that white man was evil and were trying to brainwash all blacks and that Martin Luther Kings non-violent protests werent working and that violence was needed for change. Malcolm Xs life was a life with a lot of conflict and violence in it. Malcolm X was born under the name of Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. His father was a baptist minister and anRead MoreThe Education Of Malcolm X Essay984 Words   |  4 Pageswrite to express your feelings and communicate with others. Frederick Douglass and Malcom X both succeeded in learning how to read and write, but in different ways. The education of Malcolm X was learned more formally. Frederick Douglass learned from his surroundings and the people around him. Malcom and Frederick battled in reading and writing, but learned in similar and different ways. During the 1960s, Malcolm X was one of many articulate and powerful leaders of black America. Before he was a street

Understanding System Case Study of Zoo4U

Question: Discuss about the Understanding System Case Study of Zoo4U. Answer: Introduction A system can be defined as the collection of parts (or say subsystems). The system is developed to achieve some specific goal. The system includes various parts and processes like the input, output, and at the end the total outcome of all the processes in the system. All the elements of a system have to work together so that desired goal can be achieved. The elements of a system are boundary, environment, subsystems, control mechanisms, observable interactions. Also there are different kind of systems are in existence like the natural system, abstract system, symbol system, designed system, information systems, control systems etc. The natural systems include ecosystems. The information systems and the control systems are the specially designed systems that according to the need of the clients or the customers. In this report focuses on developing a system for the Zoo4U in which there are several subsystem that are performing some specific tasks in the total system to run the whole s ystem properly (Adetunji and Adesope 2015). The system also identifies the key stake holders of the different subsystems of the systems. As the zoo system can have a different kind of partners and resources therefore the zoo requires a systematic approach to manage the resources. As an example it can be said that the task of collecting the animal from different locations, their conservation, observation of their nutrition and breeding must be managed by some specialized and skillful staffs (Cong et al. 2014). On the other hand the management of the corporate entertainment and team building events should be managed by some other subsystem so that the total task can be completed in an efficient way. The report also describes the roles of the staffs, animals, and the visitors of the zoo. Identifying the subsystems For the given case study of zoo4U there are several tasks that are to be completed by different sub systems so that they can be completed successfully and help the zoo to achieve a specific goal. A zoo is an organization that requires dynamic operations according to different situations. As Zoo's consolidate different sorts of creatures, drinking water supplies, wastewater, water recycling centers, turf, blooms, trees, strong squanders, restaurants, sanitation offices, and veterinary centers (Emikpe et al. 2016). At present a zoo is managed by with some primary objectives like animal training, care, their conservation etc. therefore the following are the identified sub systems that are related to the organizational system of Zoo4U. 1. Enrollment system. 2. Human resource management system. 3. Animal care management system. 4. Administrative system. 5. Finance management system. Enrollment system- As it takes a lot of money for the conservation of any endangered species thus a zoo requires a constant flow of funds, so that they can carry on the different animal related projects like the conservation and the breeding programs of the animals. Therefore, for this the zoo must think about the different donor adoption programs that can help the in financing the different project at the zoo. Therefore to adopt or participate in the donor ship program the client or the visitor has to enroll in the programs. By introducing the donor ship and adoption program the zoo can help the people to get closer to the nature on the other hand the zoo can raise funds for the animal health care, conservation and the breeding program. Human resource management system- Since a zoo is a multi-dimensional organization that requires a combination of different skillful employees to run it. Like the veterinarians to take care of the animals at the zoo, security guards for the security of the animals of the zoo and the visitors. The operation staffs are responsible for the cleaning, serving food to the animals checking tickets and different other day to day operations. At the end the administrative staffs that are mainly responsible for the running of the zoo. Animal care management system- A great number of plant and animal species have reached to the edge of extinction because of human malpractices. Zoos highlight leader species - appealing creatures that speak to an environment, the protection of which would secure the fate of less alluring species that offer the living space. In todays world the zoo became a business oriented organization therefore the for the sake of the interest of the stake holders its important to manage the collection of the endangered collection of the plants and the animals at the zoo (Fa et al. 2014). In this subsystem, first of all the records of the animals and the plants are maintained. This component of the zoo determines the diet plans for the animals, also the breeding plans for the animals so that the number of animals can be increased for the endangered species (Okwori et al. 2014). Under this subsystems there are some other sub modules or departments that act together to efficiently manage the animals and the plants in the zoo. Administrative system- This subsystem is responsible for taking care of other facilities of the zoo. The following are the responsibilities for this subsystem. 1. Communication between the different departments. 2. Preparing and planning for the emergency situations. 3. Taking care of the environmental sustainability. 4. Maintaining the whole system and its different operations. This decisions made by the administrators are helpful in managing the different complex situations that can occur due to issues in the different other departments. Finanance management - This subsystem is responsible for the allocation and distribution of funds periodically for different operations in the zoo and producing finance related reports. Being a multi-dimensional organization it requires some concise management of the processes and operations in the zoo (King and BraÄ ko 2014). By using the informations the zoo can incorporate different activities and factors that can help in achieving the different objectives. The selected subsystems The following subsystems are chosen for the discussion in this report, Enrollment system, and the Animal care system. Components of the subsystems In this section the components of both the subsystems are discussed. For the animal and plant care system, Objective of the system- According to a survey it is found that almost 700 million people visit a zoo in their region every year. Hence it can be said that a zoo is an important factor that affects the public relationships in a society (Jara et al. 2016). Thus to save any animal species, that is endangered and providing conservation to those animals is the primary goal of this subsystem. For the enrollment system, the objective of this subsystem is to help in fund raising for the different programs of the zoo. Stakeholders of the subsystem- The following are the departments that act together to manage the animals at the zoo. The departments are animal programs department, animal health department and the pathology department, different governmental departments, universities, nongovernmental research organizations etc. (Seidl et al. 2015). These are the departments which are responsible for the exhibitions of the animals, and there day to day care. Also these stake holders are responsible for different kind of research works for the better understanding of the animals and their behavior. On the other hand in donor management system the primary stakeholders are the donors and the zoo officials who communicate with each other. Input and output of the subsystem- in the animal care system the inputs will be providing proper diet, water and nutrition to the animals (Jimnezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mena et al. 2016). Providing habitat or environment similar to their natural habitat helps the animal to feel comfortable in the zoo. Also they must be kept in environment where they can express or behave in their natural way and does not feel stressed. All this input can help the animals in the zoo, to behave in the natural way. Therefore the animals can grow and breed inside the zoo like they do in their natural habitat. For the donor management subsystem the input are the efforts done by the zoo staffs and the resultant output is the adoption or the animals by the clients or the visitors. Consequently it helps in the flow of funds in the different zoo programs. Feedback- As the animals in the zoo live in a fearless environment therefore it will help them to live freely and naturally breed in the zoo. This becomes helpful in their conservation. Transformation involved- From the bringing in the animal in to the zoo there are different steps in which the total system becomes operational (Gusset et al. 2014). Like the making of the habitat, feeding of the animals, introducing their breeding program in the zoo. The boundary of the system- the boundary of the system is the administrators and the staffs only who can change or modify the programs related to any animal. Environment of the system- for a system the environment can be defined as the surroundings that are remaining part of the universe outside the boundary of the system. In this case the environment is the resource management, controlling of the pests and pollution, translocation of the animals, ecological principles and the habitat diversity. Hierarchy in the subsystem-As the zoo is an organization that has numerous kind of different operations thus it should incorporate a chain of importance of control and counteractive action methodologies that starts with the identification of the problems and the realization of danger connected with those risks (Wilson et al. 2015). Managing the problems and risks includes the following strides: starts with, determining the design, operations of departments and utilization of suitable security gear (building controls); second, the advancement of procedures and standard working systems; lastly, the procurement of proper individual defensive equipments for the staffs. Specialized security equipments needs to be utilized as a part of mix with suitable administration and safety practices. Diagram of the Subsystems with annotations Fig1: Detailed diagram (Source: created by Author) Meaning of CATWOE and Root definition CATWOE The CATWOE is the abbreviation of the following C (client) Clients or customers are the stakeholders who are the end-user of the system or procedure. These are the general people wholl either suffer or is benefitted due to the changes occurred in the existing system. In this case study the clients are the visitors of the zoo A (Actors) These are the people who are reason and supporter of the change in the system. Here the actors are the different staffs of the subsystems T (transformation) These are the changes or the events that determines the nature of the change from the input to output. Like when an animal of endangered species is brought in the zoo, the way it is conserved, the approaches to increase the number of the species are taken, is included in the transformation process. W (Weltanschauung) Weltanschauung or say Worldview is the comprehensive view and the more extensive effect of the changed system. The system is broke down to think of the positive and negative effect on the general business processes (Singh and Sharma 2014). This is the most essential stride in CATWOE analysis as various partners have different point of view on the same issue. O (Owner) In the processes of change in the system these are the people who have the authority of decision making. Therefore they can stop the project of change, can decide the point of time from where the change can take place. In this scenario the administrators are the owner of the system who can decide whether or not to bring a change in to the existing system. E (Environmental constraints)- These are the outside constraints, influencing the accomplishment of the arrangement of the change. These can be ethical points of confinement, controls, budgetary requirements, asset impediments, constraints of task extension, limits set by terms of reference and others. Explanation of the keywords in context of the selected subsystem Rich Pictures- A Rich Picture is an approach to investigate, recognize and characterize a circumstance and express it through outlines to make a preparatory mental model (Walker et al. 2014). A rich picture also helps in to get an expansive, shared understanding of a circumstance. Fig2: The Rich picture for the Zoo4U (Source: created by Author) System Maps- System mapping is a helpful technique for both planning and evaluating the plan. Endeavors that intend to change systemsthat is, the manner by which individuals and associations relate (Stead and Stead 2013). Frameworks endeavors may, for instance, attempt to change or enhance the way in which an organization operates, make shared connections or systems, or change the setting or environment in which social change happens. Fig3: System Map for Zoo4U (Source: created by Author) Activity sequence diagram Fig4: Activity sequence diagram (Source: created by Author) Mind maps- Mind map is a graphical way to present data, concepts and structure information. It helps an organization to understand, synthesize, recall, or in generating new ideas (Hung et al. 2014). Fig5: Mind map for the Zoo4U (Source: created by Author) Explaining the hard and soft systems for the selected subsystems The soft and the hard systems are the approaches to model the different organizational processes. These approaches are used in solving general problems as well in the management of the change in the organization. Soft system- In this approach at first the problem situation is understood and expressed. After this some root definitions of the relevant systems related to the problem is developed (Holland and Garfield 2016). Then the conceptual models to solve the problem are made depending upon the root definitions. In the next step the developed models are compared with the real life situations. At the last step the actions are taken using possible changes are suggested that are possible to the existing system and feasible too. In the given case study the soft system methodology needs to be applied (Moore et al. 2016). Since the zoo relates with the animals and may require extensive care to know how the circumstances can be made to suit the animal. Its important because as a conservatory the zoo needs to fulfill all the requirements of the animals so that they can breed in the zoo and prosper within the security of the zoo. Hard systems- This kind of problem solving approach assumes the following, 1. The problems are well defined. 2. The problems can be solved in only one way and that is the optimum solution. 3. It is a scientific approach that works well in solving a problem 4. In this problem solving approach the technical factors dominate the situations. Conclusion The zoo ought to proceed with endeavors to encourage correspondence among and inside offices and to enhance correspondence between various hierarchical levels. There are numerous potential approaches to accomplish change: formalize normal interdepartmental gatherings, grow the utilization of cross-utilitarian assignments and broadly educating, and formalize the utilization of accessible innovative assets for upgrading interchanges inside and over the different units of the zoo. Also the zoo should develop a plan that will monitor the effeteness of the different strategies applied to the whole management system. References Adetunji, V. and Adesope, A., 2015. Some causes of mortalities in captive wild animals in Ibadan, Nigeria: a retrospective study.Nigerian Veterinary Journal,35(2). Bell, S. and Morse, S., 2013. How people use rich pictures to help them think and act.Systemic Practice and Action Research,26(4), pp.331-348. Cong, L., Wu, B., Morrison, A.M., Shu, H. and Wang, M., 2014. Analysis of wildlife tourism experiences with endangered species: An exploratory study of encounters with giant pandas in Chengdu, China.Tourism Management,40, pp.300-310. Emikpe, B.O., Morenikeji, O.A. and Jarikre, T.A., 2016. Zoo animals' disease pattern in a university zoological garden, Ibadan, Nigeria.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease,6(2), pp.85-89. Fa, J.E., Gusset, M., Flesness, N. and Conde, D.A., 2014. Zoos have yet to unveil their full conservation potential.Animal Conservation,17(2), pp.97-100. Friese, C., 2013.Cloning wild life: zoos, captivity, and the future of endangered animals. NYU Press. Gusset, M., Fa, J.E. and Sutherland, W.J., 2014. A horizon scan for species conservation by zoos and aquariums.Zoo biology,33(5), pp.375-380. Holland, L. and Garfield, J., 2016. Linking Research and Teaching: an Applied Soft Systems Methodology Case Study.International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach,9(2). Hosseinie, S.S., Shirazi, A.M., Ashloghi, A.T. and Mehran, M.H., 2012. The Combination of Soft System and Quality Function Deployment Methodologies in the Design and Development of the Comprehensive Model for World Class Manufacturing Processes.Management Science and Engineering,6(2), pp.22-34. Hung, C.M., Hwang, G.J. and Wang, S.Y., 2014. Effects of an integrated mindmapping and problemposing approach on students' infield mobile learning performance in a natural science course.International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation,8(3-4), pp.187-200. Jara, S.F., Abell, M.A., Oliva, F. and Teijeiro, J.D.R., 2016. Intensive demographic and genetic management through European Endangered Species Programmes (EEPs) can make a difference: Cherryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ crowned mangabey Cercocebus torquatus European studbook and Whiteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ naped mangabey Cercocebus atys lunulatus EEP results.International Zoo Yearbook. Jimnezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mena, B., Schad, K., Hanna, N. and Lacy, R.C., 2016. Pedigree analysis for the genetic management of groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ living species.Ecology and evolution,6(10), pp.3067-3078. King, C.E. and BraÄ ko, A., 2014. Nineteen years of management for Phoenicopteriformes in European Association of Zoos and Aquaria institutions: the Fabulous Flamingo Surveys and strategies to increase reproduction in captivity.International Zoo Yearbook,48(1), pp.184-198. Moore, B., Calvo-Amodio, J. and Junker, J.F., 2016, January. Synthesizing Systemic Intervention Approaches: Combining Viable System Model, Knowledge Management, and Toyota Production System for a Sustainable Holistic Management Model. InProceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the ISSS-2015 Berlin, Germany(Vol. 1, No. 1). Novani, S., Putro, U.S. and Hermawan, P., 2014. An Application of Soft System Methodology in Batik Industrial Cluster Solo by Using Service System Science Perspective.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,115, pp.324-331. Okwori, A.E.J., Nwankiti, O., Onaji, A.I., Aguoru, C.U., Ogbonna, B.I.O., Attah, A., Makut, M.D. and Adikwu, T.I., 2014. Bacterial Profiles Associated With Captive Non-Human Primates in Jos Zoo, Nigeria. Schmidt, F., Franke, F.A., Shirley, M.H., Vliet, K.A. and Villanova, V.L., 2015. The importance of genetic research in zoo breeding programmes for threatened species: the African dwarf crocodiles (genus Osteolaemus) as a case study.International Zoo Yearbook,49(1), pp.125-136. Schulteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hostedde, A.I. and Mastromonaco, G.F., 2015. Integrating evolution in the management of captive zoo populations.Evolutionary applications,8(5), pp.413-422. Seidl, M., Scholz, M., Huemer, C. and Kappel, G., 2015. The Activity Diagram. InUML@ Classroom(pp. 141-166). Springer International Publishing. Silber, S.J., Barbey, N., Lenahan, K. and Silber, D.Z., 2013. Applying clinically proven human techniques for contraception and fertility to endangered species and zoo animals: a review.Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,44(4s), pp.S111-S122. Singh, A. and Sharma, E.S., 2014. Functional Test Cases Generation Based on Automated Generated Use Case Diagram. Stead, J.G. and Stead, W.E., 2013.Sustainable strategic management. ME Sharpe. Walker, D., Steinfort, P. and Maqsood, T., 2014. Stakeholder voices through rich pictures.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,7(3), pp.342-361. Wilson, M.L., Perdue, B.M., Bloomsmith, M.A. and Maple, T.L., 2015. Rates of reinforcement and measures of compliance in free and protected contact elephant management systems.Zoo biology,34(5), pp.431-437.

The Movie Quiz Show Essays - Attitude Change, Belief,

The Movie Quiz Show Chernette Lewis Social Psychology December 15, 2000 In the movie Quiz Show The television game show Twenty-one was rigged to keep ratings up at NBC. At the beginning of the movie question for the show were seen taken from a bank volt. This gave the viewer the impression that no one saw the question before Jack (the host) received them from the guards weekly. Herbert Stempel, a Jewish contestant, he won for eight weeks on the show had become a national celebrity, to the audience he seemed unstoppable. When the rating fell the producers of the game show decided to get a more attractive contestant. So, they set out to find a new contestant. Charles Van Doreen became their man to beat Herbert. Van Doreen was a handsome college instructor from a prominent family of Nobel Prize winners. Since Charles was a better match for the show Herbert was told he had to lose the next show and the question had to be simple. Although Herbert did not want to he did. He then became outraged because Charles had became the Gentile the beat the Jew. Charles w as well liked and won much more money. To get revenge Herb spoke with a District attorney office labeling the show a fraud. This prompted an investigation. When Richard Goodwin, a Washington lawyer and congressional investigator read about the grand jury statements being sealed in the New York Times he decided to investigate it. He know something was wrong Lewis, Chernette page #2 when it should have been a public trial. Goodwin was determined to find out what the secret was. The problem was the contestants were all given the answers to the questions before the show. There were several psychological theories shown in this movie I will focus on, group think, cognitive dissonance and conformity behaviors among the three men. Producers Dan Enright and Albert Freedman use the many psychological methods to get the two contestants to cheating on the show. First with Herb they offer him $25,000. When he accepts he believes he was the only one who had received them. Herb was finally apart of the in-group. He showed illusions of invulnerability, making statements like this one they love me for the same reason they used to hate me, because I'm the guy who knows everything. Being known as an intelligent person made him so arrogant that he would do what ever the network say to stay in the spotlight. I have waited for this my whole life said Herb, belief in the groups moral standards was never questioned by Herb until he was no longer needed. Herb Rationalized his action to his wife in saying, That box is the biggest thing since Gutenberg invented the printing press, and I'm the biggest thing on it, this kept Lewis, Chernette page #3 his self-perception under control and made him feel better about himself. Herb showed more of a cognitive dissonance position with his anger toward Charles then the fact that he was responsible for the game show to continue on and cheat everyone including him. Herbert had to prove to himself and to everyone else he was intelligent this statement says it best. You want to know what? If I do nothing else I will convince them that Hebert Stemple knows what won the Academy Award for best picture of 1955; that's what I'm gonna accomplish. This was the question he was forced to lose the contest on. It was not until after Charles spoke to congress board that Herbert realized he was closed-minded and did not take in to account how things would effect him, his family or Charles. With Charles the producers used the use foot in the door technique to trap him. First by asking him to comply with cheating and when he did not they input a question for him to answer so that he would have to make a public commitment. When Charles answered the question it was his first step to conforming to the group think method. Charles loves the attention he now receives as a result of his new found celebrity status. Charles not only demonstrates the Lewis, Chernette page #4 same group think phenomena as Herbert, but he stereotypes Herbert

Michigan Expanding Social Security

Michigan Expanding Social Security Spotlight on Expanding Social Security Since 2010, Social Security’s total expenditures have exceeded non-interest income of its combined trust funds at a deficit of $49 billion.[i]Social Security’s trustee report has continued to project deficits that have, unfortunately, come to fruition. In 2011, the deficit was around $45 billion with US taxpayers expending over $132 billion – more than the annual budget of the Departments of Labor, Commerce, Interior, Justice, and Agriculture combined. In the 2012 fiscal year, Social Security and Medicare accounted for nearly 40 percent of the federal expenditures with a deficit of $55 billion. According to the trustees report, the deficit will likely reach $75 billion in the next few years. Moreover, without any policy changes, Social Security will only be able to pay full benefits until around 2033; thereafter, only about 75% of benefits would be available.[ii]In fact, the report further projects that by 2016 the Disability Insurance trust fund will be complete ly exhausted with Medicare’s fund to be depleted shortly thereafter. Therefore, it’s not surprising that Americans are concerned about their future and financial well-being or that Congress has come under scrutiny to act promptly in addressing changes to the long-term financial support of the program. The trustees report urges lawmakers to â€Å"address the financial challenges facing Social Security and Medicare as soon as possible. Taking action sooner rather than later will leave more options and more time available to phase in changes so that the public has adequate time to prepare.†[iii]Many critics have been pushing for a comprehensive solvency package, covering retirement and disability Social Security programs. Others push for stricter scrutiny in disability cases to help decrease the amount of applicants who receive an approval – a trend that seems to be in effect despite these even harsher recommendations and yet the deficit continues to grow.[i v] We understand the concern and criticism about the current state of Social Security benefits, and the ever-changing rules impacting approval rates.  Call us  today to set up a free consultation and let our experienced  Michigan Social Security Disability  attorneys help you get approved.[i] For full reports by year, see  ssa.gov/oact/tr/index.html.[ii]  See  cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=viewid=3753.[iii]  See  ssa.gov/oact/tr/index/html.[iv] See Article ‘Social Security Trends Affecting Applications and Awards’ for more information.

A review of the relationship between poverty, uninsured children, Essay

A review of the relationship between poverty, uninsured children, childhood obesity and the well-being index - Essay Example The current study aims to look at obesity and chronic obesity causing conditions since these are emerging as major reasons for negatively affecting the well being of people. Data for the study has been acquired from Gallup-Healthway’s Well Being Index  ® website from a survey conducted and compiled in 2009. Data was also acquired from the State Health Facts website for targeted states only. The data acquired from Gallup-Healthway was used to demarcate five states that formed the upper most and lowest tiers of obesity prevalence in the United States. The states of West Virginia, Mississippi and Kentucky exhibit the highest obesity rates while the states of Hawaii and Colorado displayed the lowest obesity rates (Mendes & McGeeney, 2012). The states were chosen in this order also because West Virginia, Mississippi and Kentucky are on the lowest rung of the WBI while Colorado and Hawaii are near the top of the WBI list. In addition to these statistics, three other variables were also used that include the population in poverty, the amount of uninsured kids and the amount of obese kids. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were tabulated for the acquired data (shown in Appendix A). Gallup uses defined metrics in order to survey well being which can be listed as the Composite, Life Evaluation Index (LEI), Emotional Health Index (EHI), Work Environment Index (WEI), Physical Health Index (PHI), Healthy Behavior Index (HBI) and Basic Access Index (BAI) (Gallup-Healthways, 2009). The other variables used include the Population in Poverty (POP IN POV), uninsured kids and obese kids (State Health Facts, 2012). Results for the descriptive statistics are presented in the table shown below. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics WBI (Rank) State Health Fact (%) Descriptive Statistics for WBI and State Health Facts for the Nation Overall and the Five States Selected Descriptive Statistic COMPOSITE LEI EHI WEI PHI HBI BAI POP IN POV UNINSURED KIDS OBESE KIDS Mean 65.03 44.73 78.2 48.82 75.33 62.27 80.78 23.5 7.83 34.05 Median 64.95 44.55 78.5 48.9 75.7 62.15 81.1 23.5 8.5 33.55 Range 9.7 15.9 8.5 8.3 9.5 10.1 7.1 12 9 17.2 Standard Deviation 3.51 5.83 2.93 2.67 3.66 3.88 2.89 4.04 3.31 6.36 Standard Error 1.43 2.38 1.2 1.09 1.5 1.58 1.18 1.65 1.35 2.6 The mean and median for the Gallup data remain fairly close to each other for all reported metrics. In contrast, the data acquired from State Health shows some skewness for uninsured kids with the mean being 7.83 while the median is 8.5. The range for most variables being analyzed stays under 10 except for LEI (15.9), population in poverty (12) and obese kids (17.2). these variables could be expected to display larger standard deviations as well since the range of data is greater. In terms of the standard deviation, the highest value is displayed by obese kids (6.36) followed by LEI (5.83) while other variables display standard deviations of around 4. The standard error tabulation reveals similar res ults with LEI exhibiting a standard error of 2.38 and obese kids displaying a standard error of 2.6. In contrast, the standard error for population in poverty is 1.65 while other variables display standard errors of less than 1.6. Based on these results it could be safely assumed that the data acquired displays a near uniform distribution except for LEI and obese kids that tend to exhibit some skewness. Composite and domain scores by state as well as the

Surgical Patient Flow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Surgical Patient Flow - Essay Example In this descriptive and qualitative study, the data was collected through timings taken in the hospital interviews with the staff by following an elective orthopaedic surgical patient, beginning with the decision to operate followed by the timing in which the surgery was carried out. The main findings were the absence of a system in existence as surgical patient flow management to follow-up the complete patient journey and to synchronize the surgical steps as well as co-ordinate the various pieces of patient information needed. There is duplicity in the system while transferring the patient from the clinic to the case manager, and also in the way of determining the surgical day, which can very easily result in a step being omitted. An Official Translator needs to be appointed in the Operation Theatre to avoid incorrect communication to emit and to maintain patient privacy. It was concluded that action needs to be taken to implement the surgical patient flow management, integrate all the system related surgical patient needs, and to educate the patient about the steps that needed to be done. This dissertation has required the time and patience of a number of people whom I needed to interview in order to collect my data, and to each one of you whom I wish to keep unnamed at this point in time. I am grateful for your timely contributions. It is important to note the following individuals who have been involved with this project: Dr. Zaid Al-Zaid, Chairman of the Orthopedic Surgery Department at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, who spent many hours patiently and good-humouredly explaining surgical patient flow at KFSH&RC. His role as a Surgeon in the clinic is integral to the training of students. His assistance in the area of decision-making as well as linking valuable professional connections is greatly

Causes and effects of international labour mobility

Causes and effects of international labour mobility Introduction Globalisation is the process of intensified international competition and trade. It enables the movement of goods, production factors, labour and technology across borders. If countries use their resources efficiently then globalisation can also enhance growth and social welfare. This depends on how much competition there is and a country has to have a certain stability and mobility of labour and resources for production. The common trade theory suggests that globalisation will equalise the prices of products and costs of production and free trade will lead to a more efficient allocation of resources. It is also beneficial for the customer since free trade suggests high competition and therefore companies will be able to offer low prices to their customers. This seems to be the case in the long run but problems that arise in the short run include high unemployment and income inequalities. Globalisation is an ongoing process that has been around for quite some time now. EU firms can o ffshore many tasks which were never possible before. This also means that international competition is completely changing and going through a transformation. Competition took place mainly between firms or different industries in different countries, however now since a lot of firms go abroad for their production, because it is cheaper, competition takes place between individual workers that use similar skills for their tasks in different countries, so they no longer compete within a nation. This of course can be beneficial for some workers but can also harm other workers. Europe is exactly facing this problem at the moment and this paper will focus on the impact globalisation has on the low skilled workers and income inequalities in Europe. European Globalisation trends Globalisation is taking place in nearly every country on the planet, but it has different effects on different nations. Trade expansion in Europe seems to be proceeding at a rapid paste, especially trade with low wage countries. Due to immense improvements in technology, transportation and communication, it is now a lot easier to handle the production process and this might have caused some firms to move parts of their production process to other nations. Offshoring and outsourcing are the common terms used when companies move their production process abroad. There are many reasons for why companies move to other nations for production. But the main reasons could be because it is cheaper to produce in less developed countries, firms only have to pay low wages and get a better output than in the home country. Especially labour intensive goods are shipped to less developed countries because there are more people that would do the job for less money. Therefore globalisation seems to hav e a negative effect on employment, especially low skilled labour. Since a lot of firms moved their production abroad and the ones that didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t only employ high skilled labour, it makes it even harder for the low skilled labour to find employment. New technologies also lead to higher unemployment rates among low skilled workers, because the low skilled workers that used to have a job are no either replaced by new technological advancements or by high skilled labour. Overall one could say that globalisation lead to a high demand for skilled labour and on the other side a rise in unemployment among low skilled workers. EU trade In Europe most of the countries are part of the EU, which has special trade agreements. Trade among industrialised countries differs significantly from trade with the developing world. This is mainly due to the fact that industrialised countries are relatively similar, in the sense that they use similar production technologies and have similar factor endowments, so one could say that they produce pretty similar goods. Trade between them therefore mainly exists among industries. So countries would import and export products from the same industry sector. For example Germany exports their yogurts brands and France French yogurts to Germany. These goods are similar because they are both yogurts but they have different tastes and characteristics, that is why these countries trade. It is the same with cars, Germany sells German cars to France and France sells French cars to Germany. Trade among industrialised and developing countries is different. Countries export goods belonging to one s ector and import goods belonging to another sector. Germany would for instance export Volkswagens to China and import rice or computers in exchange. Theoretical approach Comparative advantage Ricardian model Globalisation leads to increased trade amongst countries. Countries usually produce goods where it is the cheapest to produce them. Krugman discussed this in Chapter 3, if free trade exists with countries that pay low wages then this will harm the country that pays high wages. In the end the consumer profits from this because if firms have low production costs then they are able to offer the products at a lower price. And the producer benefits from a higher income if he uses his resources more efficiently. Krugman gave an example of this where W represents the wage rate in the home country W* represents the wage rate in the foreign country And the home countries unit labour requirement for good i is aLi, and the unit labour required for good i of the foreign country is a*Li. Now if WaLi < W*a*Li then the home country will produce the good I because it is cheaper, as wages are less at home. Or if the relative productivity of a country is higher than the wages, then the good will be produced in that country. This can be calculated as a*Li / aLi > W / W*. So overall if a country produces the good that uses the resources most efficiently then trade will be beneficial for that country. EU Unemployment To explain why Europe is facing this high unemployment ratio one has to look at the relative wages. This can easily be determined by looking at the relative demand and supply of labour services. If W / W* rises then the relative demand for home labour services will fall. If the home country would produce goods with expensive labour services then this can have a huge impact on society. Because it means that production costs are high as the producer has to pay high wages and therefore he canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t offer the final goods at an attractive price. If nobody buys the products because they are too expensive then the demand for labour services will go down too. This can also lead to fewer goods being produced at home because costs are too high, which will lead to a further reduction in demand for labour services in the home country. The Ricardian model only focuses on the productivity of labour across countries. According to this model a country gains from Trade if a country has a comparative advantage in producing a specific good. If the country produces the good it has a comparative advantage in, then it is able to use all its resources more efficiently and will gain more from producing this good. So here this model shows that overall if a country trades according to rules mentioned above, then the relative price of the good will increase, wages will increase and the producer is able to offer the good at a lower price so therefore even the consumer profits from it. Heckscher Ohlin Samuelson Model The Ricardian Model suggests differences in productivity of labour between nations cause productive differences. The Heckscher Ohlin model suggests that there are other factors of production between different countries, not just differences in productivity of labour, that cause differences in production. Usually the price of a good should be the same as its production costs, and the production costs also depend on how much wages they have to pay and the lending/renting rate of land. Changes in lending rates can affect the final price of a product, depending on how intensively you use land in production. For example if there are two products cloth and food, cloth is labour intensive and food is land intensive. If lending rates for land increase then this should have a bigger affect on the price of food than the price of cloth, because the production of food requires more land than the production of clothes. Heckscher Ohlin model also suggests that an economy will be efficient at producing goods that are intensive in the factors of production in which the country has a lot of. Just suppose the domestic country has an abundant amount of labour relative to land. This suggests that domestic country is abundant in labour and the foreign country is abundant in land. Likewise, the domestic country is scarce in land and the foreign country is scarce in labour. Because the domestic country is abundant in labour it would be very good at producing cloth, as cloth production is very labour intensive. The foreign country on the other hand should produce food as it is abundant in land and the production of food is very land intensive.(64-68) With trade the relative price of cloth should rise in the labour abundant country which is the domestic country, and should fall in the labour scarce country which is the foreign country. According to the Heckscher Ohlin Model, in the domestic country the rise in the relative price of cloth leads to a rise in the relative production of cloth and a decrease in the relative consumption of cloth. The same will happen to food in foreign economy. So what will happen is that the domestic country will become an exporter of cloth and an importer of food. And the foreign country will import cloth and export food. So one could say that a company would be very good at producing the goods that are intensive in its abundant factors, this just means a country produces the goods it has a comparative advantage in. And likewise a country should export goods that are intensive in its abundant factors of production and should import goods that are in its scarce factors of production. (58-63). To explain the wage inequalities among European low skilled workers one has to understand The Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson factor endowment model. This model predicts that trade among different countries derives from differing factor endowments across nations. This model looks at different countries that are trading with each other and these countries are also on the same technological level, which just means that they use the same technologies in their production process for both products. The production process for both goods in this case, requires two different inputs, this could be high skilled labour for one country and low skilled labour for the other country. For example, the production of one of the goods, for instance computers, requires more high skilled labour, while the production of the other good, for instance cloth, needs more low skilled labour. It is assumed that one of the two countries is relatively well equipped with either low skilled labour or high skilled labour, for instance Europe is equipped with relative large amounts of high skilled labour and the foreign country is relatively well equipped with low skilled labour. Usually when two countries trade industrialised countries have more high skilled labour and the developing countries have more low skilled labour. The Heckscher Ohlin theory in this case suggests that industrialised countries like Europe would export computers and the developing foreign country Europe is trading with should export cloth. The outcome would be that the relative price of cloth would fall in the industrialised country, but would do exactly the opposite in the developing country, the relative price would increase. This would lead to changes in wage distribution; low skilled labour in the industrialised country such as Europe would decline relative to the wages of high skilled labour. This can be explained because globalisation increased trade among countries and enabled countries access to products that were produced abroad, furthermore this implies that through trade the relative supply of low skilled labour has increased. According to this theory, inter -industry trade would as a result have the effect of increased wage inequality in industrialised countries like Europe, while inequality should decrease in developing countries. (58-61) Overall it seems as if owners of abundant factors gain with trade and owners of scarce factors lose. This model assumes that after international trade factor prices will be equal in both countries. This just means that once the domestic country which has a higher ratio of labour to land than the foreign country trade with each other, the wage rate and the lending/renting rate of land are the same in both countries. But that is not the case with every country that trades because labour moves around and usually both countries are not exactly the same in terms of infrastructure, technology and communication as the Heckscher Ohlin model suggests (68-69). Because ever changing differences in relative product prices has a large effect on the relative earnings of resources, and with trade the relative price also changes, so trade has a negative impact on income distribution. Causes and effects of international Labour mobility (chapter 7) p154 Heckscher Ohlin model focuses on trade as an explanation of bringing together factor prices, and capital / labour movements have similar effects. Capital tends to move from high wage countries to low wage countries. However labour migrates from low wage to high wage countries. Workers usually move to foreign countries in order to get paid more. Krugman suggested that labour will migrate to countries with higher labour productivity and higher real wages. And he further states that due to immigration wages will fall and due to emigration real wages should increase. If wages do not fall despite immigration, employers have no incentive to create additional jobs, and the immigration and this causes unemployment. Due to the fact that countries do not produce the same goods, due to differences in technology and due to immigration barriers, real wages across countries will never be equal (156-157). Companies in Europe which is considered an industrialised country will outsource those activities that use a large amount of unskilled labour. Moving these activities abroad would then lead to a decrease in the relative demand for low skilled labour in Europe within each industry. This means that outsourcing has a similar effect on reducing the demand for low skilled labour relative to high skilled labour within an industry, as does skill-biased technological change. Technological advancements and wages Skill-biased technological change reduced the demand for unskilled workers leading to higher long-term unemployment among low skilled workers in Europe. So low skilled workers would have to receive training in order to retain a job. At the same time, international outsourcing also leads to a shift in relative demand for labour. Firms outsource the low skill intensive parts of production and therefore increase the relative demand for skilled labour. Technological advancements also enabled companies across the world to better communicate with each other. Fast communication is a key factor when you are trading. Better infrastructure and more ways of transportation also enabled and increased trade among different countries. Benefits from globalisation According to the traditional trade theory globalization will equalize the price of products and production factors. Free trade will lead to a more efficient allocation of world resources as competition will shift production to the producers with the lower production cost. This more efficient allocation of resources will boost growth with positive effects on social welfare. Innovation and increased international competition can lead higher productivity, higher wages and improved living standards. Consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ welfare will improve due to a decrease in prices. However, the fall in prices relies on the level of competition in the product markets. Conclusion If economies have different capital/labour ratios, free factor mobility will encourage capital (labour) to move from the economies with a high (low) capital/labour ratio to those in which capital (labour) is relatively scarce. This process will affect the distribution of income since it will increase the relative income of capital (labour) in the countries initially with a high (low) capital/labour ratio. As globalization accelerates further, both costs and benefits will tend to raise while costs such as higher unemployment and income inequality will be concentrated in the short run while benefits in the form of lower prices, higher productivity and income will only occur later on.

The Power of Title IX Essay -- gender equity in sports

Title IX is a law passed in 1972 that requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any educational programs or activity receiving federal financial assistance. – From the preamble to Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). The actual Title IX document was based on 10 key areas: (1) access to higher education (2) employment, (3) athletics, (4) career education; (5) education for pregnant and parenting students, (6) employment learning environment, (7) math and science, (8) sexual harassment, (9) standardized testing and (10) technology (titleixinfo.com.2011). Title IX legislation has been subject to over 20 additional reviews and proposed amendment revisions due to the different inte rpretations and lifestyle changes that present themselves in their various court cases. History of Title IX Title IX is historically related to the social changes that were becoming increasingly noticed after the Civil Rights laws were coming to light. These social changes represented a national commitment to end discrimination and establish a mandate to bring the excluded into the mainstream (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). It was the federal government that utilized these laws, created by Title IX, to deliver the promise of all people’s equal opportunities and rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution to develop their talents. As an early example of the barriers set up before Title IX, Luci Baines Johnson, daughter of President J... ...opportunities in athletics and extra- curricular activities. A woman should never be forced to do anything different then a man just because of her sex. This author agrees with the decision that the woman in this case should not have been sent home for a mandatory leave of absence. This is prejudice at its best. Participating in the pre-game activities of Super Bowl XLV, there was a young girl who won a contest that presented her the opportunity to carry the game ball out on the field before the coin toss. This young girl stated in an interview that it is her life long goal to become a kicker in the National Football League (NFL). This is Title IX at its best. A young girl with a dream; a dream to do something that no other girl has ever done before; a dream to step foot in a man’s world and be allowed the equal opportunity to accomplish HER dream.

Heart Sounds Case Essay

1. Dr. Baker spends a long time listening to (auscultating) Caleb’s heart. a. Where on the thoracic surface do you auscultate to the tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid), pulmonary, and aortic valves? Auscultation for the tricuspid valve would be in the left sternal margin of the 5th intercostal space. The mitral valve sounds are heard over the apex of the heart (5th intercostal space) in line with the middle of the clavicle. Pulmonary valve sounds are auscultated at the 2nd intercostal space at the left sternal margin. The aortic valve is heard at the 2nd intercostal space of the right sternal margin. b. Where do you think would be the best place to auscultate Caleb’s abnormal heart sound? Explain your answer. The abnormal heart sounds would best be heard over the tricuspid area – the lower left sternal border. This is the area which overlies the defect. 2. Caleb has abnormal heart sounds that tipped the doctor off to a problem. a. Name the normal sounds of the heart and indicate what causes these sounds. The normal sounds of the heart are â€Å"lub-dup† are caused by the opening and closing of the heart valves. The first sound – lub- is from the closing of the mitral and tricuspid heart valves. The second sound -dup- is from the closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves. b. In relation to the normal heart sounds, when would you expect to hear the abnormal sound Dr. Baker heard? Explain your answer. A ventricular septal defect is a systolic murmur. The abnormal sounds can be heard during or after the first heart sound and ends before or during the second heart sound. 3. The defect in Caleb’s heart allows blood to mix between the two ventricular chambers. a. Due to this defect would you expect the blood to move from left-to-right ventricle or right-to-left ventricle during systole? I would expect the blood to move from the left to the right ventricle. b. Based on your understanding of blood pressure and resistance in the heart and great vessels, explain your answer to question 3a. In the heart blood flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Blood normally enters on the right side of the heart (deoxygenated), is pumped to the lungs and returns to the left side of the heart (oxygenated) which will then be pumped out to the rest of the body. In Caleb’s case blood will enter the right side of the heart, be pumped to the lungs and return to the left side  of the heart. Every time his heart beats, some blood is then forced through the VSD back to the right side. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already oxygenated, so blood that is not oxygenated can’t get oxygen. A lower blood volume then remains in the left ventricle to be pumped out to the rest of the body. High pressure would occur in the lungs due to extra blood being pumped into lung arteries this make heart and lungs work harder. 4. When an echocardiogram is performed, the technician color-codes oxygenated blood (red) and deoxygenated blood (blue) a. In a healthy baby, what color would the blood be within the right and left ventricles, respectively? The right ventricle normally pumps blue blood because the blood is without oxygen and the left ventricle pumps red blood because the blood has oxygen. b. In Caleb’s heart, what color would the blood be within the right and left ventricles, respectively? It is both blue and red in the right ventricle because the already oxygenated blood flows back into the right ventricle and blood in the left ventricle would be red. 5. Caleb’s heart allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. Based on your knowledge of the heart and the great vessels, describe other anatomical abnormalities that cause the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Atrioventricular Canal Defect is an abnormality that causes the mixing of blood. There is a hole in center of heart where the wall between the upper and lower chambers meet. The tricuspid and mitral valves aren’t formed properly and one large valve crosses the defect. The defect lets oxygen rich blood pass to the heart’s right side and mix with deoxygenated blood, then go back to the lungs. Another abnormality is Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), where the walls of the upper chambers of the heart don’t close completely, causing a left to right movement of blood due to the higher pressure. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may cause the right atrium and ventricle to enlarge due to the higher volume of blood. 6. What happens to Caleb’s systemic cardiac output as a result of his ventricular septal defect (VSD)? Explain your answer. Caleb’s systemic cardiac output will be decreased. His blood will enter the right ventricle be pumped to the lungs, return to the left ventricle and then be shunted  back to the right ventricle. This causes more blood to enter the right ventricle. The extra blood then leaving the right ventricle causes a volume overload to the lungs. Because blood is being shunted back to the right ventricle, there is a lesser volume of oxygenated blood that leaves the heart to supply the rest of the body. 7. One of the problems that worried Tiffaney was that Caleb seemed to be breathing too hard all the time. Let’s consider how this symptom is related to his heart defect. a. Describe what would happen to the blood volume and pressure entering the pulmonary circuit as a result of his VSD. In VSD the right and left ventricles are working harder, pumping a greater volume of blood than they normally would. Extra blood will pass through the pulmonary artery into the lungs causing, blood pressure to be higher than normal in the blood vessels and lungs. b. Describe what would happen to the myocardium of Caleb’s right ventricle as a result of his VSD. The right ventricular heart muscle will thicken and lose elasticity over time, causing the heart to work harder to effectively pump blood the lungs and rest of the body. 8. Based on the location of Caleb’s defect, what part of the conduction system might be at risk for abnormalities? It is extremely rare that VSD would cause a conduction system defect due to the fact that the two systems are different, different embryological development, yet are in close proximity to each other. It is possible for the bundle of His to be displaced, but usually is unaffected. Sometimes a branch of the bundle of His could be on a rim of the VSD, but is still able to function. The only tricky part is if surgery is needed, the doctor needs to be careful when closing the defect.

The Impact Of Reparations On The German Economy - 994 Words

future economic and political issues in Germany. [ CITE HISTORY.COM]. Keynes also noted that the fact that the Germans did not have any contribution to the Treaty of Versailles, claiming that the Germans would be very unsatisfied with the strict terms that they’d have to abide by. â€Å"Keynes argued that the large amounts of war reparations that were imposed would have a secondary effect that the terms of trade (the price of exports relative to the price of imports) would turn against Germany, thereby placing a burden on the country’s economy that came in addition to the direct payments of reparation.† [BOOK pg.362] The impact of reparations on the German Economy John Maynard Keynes clearly foresaw the future issues politically and economically in Germany. The German people did not like the reparations, which caused the Nazi party to rapidly grow in popularity in Germany over the next decade, which would over the following two decades cause an uproar and the second world war. [CITE cheaptalk]. The German economy was weak already due to the first world war, and having a harsh reparation made it very difficult to grow back the economy to it’s natural state (before the war). This combined with the loss of 10% of German territory, merchant ships confiscated, and other terms, easily aggravated the German people. As Keynes predicted, the Germans could not repay back their reparations, falling behind on payments, causing a devaluation of the German currency. [History.com] â€Å"ThatShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany Essay529 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany The Treaty of Versailles was received very badly within Germany. The nation had been blamed entirely for the first world war and had been forced to pay compensation to the allies under the war guilt clause of the treaty. 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